Sigmoid

• Write a function sigmoid that maps a real number $x$ (64 bit floating point number) to probability:

$$ \sigma(x) = \frac{1}{ 1 + e^{-x} } $$

• Boilerplate source files {go,jl,ml,rs}/sigmoid.{go,jl,ml,rs} containing the test code is generated and shown below.

• Edit the source files either by opening them in a text editor (e.g., vscode), or editing the cells below and executing them.

1. AI tutor

1-1. Prepare

• Your personal AI tutor is provided for questions and feedback
• Execute the following cell before you use it

import heytutor

1-2. Examples

1-2-1. A general question

%%hey
How to write a function in Go?

1-2-2. A hint on this specific problem

%%hey
Give me a hint on this problem for Rust

1-2-3. NEW: A few builtin variables

• {file:FILENAME} is the content of FILE
• {bash[-1]} is the output of the last %%bash_ cell, {bash[-2]} that of the second last %%bash_ cell, etc.
• {problem} is the content of the file you specified by %%hey problem_file=foo.md
• {answer} is the content of the file you specified by %%hey answer_file=go/foo.go

1-2-4. Help when you struggle

%%hey answer_file=go/foo.go
I get this error when I compile it. What's wrong?"

My program:
{answer}

Error message:
{bash[-1]}

1-2-5. Ask feedback

• You are encouraged to ask a feedback once you think you are done with the problem, to know if there is a better answer. You can do so by something like:

%%hey problem_file=foo.md answer_file=go/foo.md
Give me a feedback to my answer.

Problem:
{problem}

My Answer:
{answer}

2. Go

2-1. Baseline code

import heytutor

%%writefile_ go/sigmoid.go
package main
import "fmt"
import "math"

/** begin my answer */

func sigmoid(x float64) float64 {
    return 1.0 / (1.0 + math.Exp(-x))
}
/** end my answer */
func main() {
    if !(math.Abs(sigmoid(-5.0) - 0.00669) < 1e-5) { panic("wrong") }
    if !(math.Abs(sigmoid(-0.5) - 0.37754) < 1e-5) { panic("wrong") }
    if !(math.Abs(sigmoid(0.0) - 0.5) < 1e-5) { panic("wrong") }
    if !(math.Abs(sigmoid(10.0) - 0.999954) < 1e-5) { panic("wrong") }
    fmt.Println("OK")
}

2-2. Compile

%%bash_
export PATH=${PATH}:~/.local/go/bin:~/go/bin
go build -o go/sigmoid go/sigmoid.go

• Note: when you run go or other Go commands in a terminal (SSH or Jupyter terminal), you need to execute the first line (export PATH=${PATH}:~/go/bin)
• You may consider adding that line in your ~/.bash_profile

2-3. Run

%%bash_
go/sigmoid

2-4. Ask Questions or Get Feedback

%%hey problem_file=sigmoid.md answer_file=go/sigmoid.go

Problem:
{problem}
My Answer (between /** begin my answer */ and /** end my answer */):
{answer}

Give me a feedback to my answer.

3. Julia

3-1. Baseline code

import heytutor

%%writefile_ jl/sigmoid.jl
### begin my answer

sigmoid(x) = 1 / (1 + exp(-x))
### end my answer

function main()
    @assert abs(sigmoid(-5.0) - 0.00669) < 1e-5
    @assert abs(sigmoid(-0.5) - 0.37754) < 1e-5
    @assert abs(sigmoid( 0.0) - 0.5) < 1e-5
    @assert abs(sigmoid(10.0) - 0.999954) < 1e-5
    println("OK")
end

main()

3-2. Compile

• Julia code is compiled "just in time" (compiled upon executed), so does not need a specific action for compilation before you run

3-3. Run

%%bash_
export PATH=${PATH}:~/.juliaup/bin
julia jl/sigmoid.jl

• Note: when you run julia or other Julia commands in a terminal (SSH or Jupyter terminal), you need to execute the first line (export PATH=${PATH}:~/.juliaup/bin)
• You may consider adding that line in your ~/.bash_profile

3-4. Interactive execution

• julia command also serves is an interactive command for Julia programs

• You can run a source code and continue interaction

$ julia -i jl/sigmoid.jl

• For trial and error, you may also consider creating a Julia notebook

3-5. Ask Questions or Get Feedback

%%hey problem_file=sigmoid.md answer_file=jl/sigmoid.jl

Problem:
{problem}

My Answer (between ### begin my answer and ### end my answer):
{answer}

Give me a feedback to my answer.

4. OCaml

4-1. Baseline code

import heytutor

%%writefile_ ml/sigmoid.ml
(** begin my answer *)

let sigmoid x = 1.0 /. (1.0 +. exp (-.x));;
(** end my answer *)

let main () =
  assert (abs_float (sigmoid (-5.0) -. 0.00669) < 1e-5);
  assert (abs_float (sigmoid (-0.5) -. 0.37754) < 1e-5);
  assert (abs_float (sigmoid   0.0  -. 0.5) < 1e-5);
  assert (abs_float (sigmoid  10.0  -. 0.999954) < 1e-5);
  Printf.printf "OK\n"
;;

main()

4-2. Compile

%%bash_
eval $(opam env)
ocamlc ml/sigmoid.ml -o ml/sigmoid

• Note: when you run ocamlc or other OCaml commands (see below) in a terminal (SSH or Jupyter terminal), you need to execute the first line (eval $(opam env))
• You may consider adding that line in your ~/.bash_profile

4-3. Run

%%bash_
ml/sigmoid

4-4. Interactive execution

• ocaml command is an interactive command for OCaml programs

• In terminal (Jupyter or SSH), you can directly run a source code

$ eval $(opam env)   # once in your session or put it in ~/.bash_profile
$ ocaml ml/sigmoid.ml

• You can run a source code and continue interaction

$ eval $(opam env)   # once in your session or put it in ~/.bash_profile
$ ocaml -init ml/sigmoid.ml

• For trial and error, you may also consider creating an OCaml notebook

4-5. Ask Questions or Get Feedback

%%hey problem_file=sigmoid.md answer_file=ml/sigmoid.ml

Problem:
{problem}

My Answer (between (** begin my answer *) and (** end my answer *)):
{answer}

Give me a feedback to my answer.

5. Rust

5-1. Baseline code

import heytutor

%%writefile_ rs/sigmoid.rs
/** begin my answer */

fn sigmoid(x: f64) -> f64 {
    1.0 / (1.0 + (-x).exp())
}
/** end my answer */

fn main() {
    assert!((sigmoid(-5.0) - 0.00669).abs() < 1e-5);
    assert!((sigmoid(-0.5) - 0.37754).abs() < 1e-5);
    assert!((sigmoid(0.0)  - 0.5).abs() < 1e-5);
    assert!((sigmoid(10.0) - 0.999954).abs() < 1e-5);
    println!("OK")
}

5-2. Compile

%%bash_
. ~/.cargo/env
rustc rs/sigmoid.rs -o rs/sigmoid

• Note: when you run rustc or other Rust commands in a terminal (SSH or Jupyter terminal), you need to execute the first line (. ~/.cargo/env)
• You may consider adding that line in your ~/.bash_profile

5-3. Run

%%bash_
rs/sigmoid

5-4. Ask Questions or Get Feedback

%%hey problem_file=sigmoid.md answer_file=rs/sigmoid.rs

Problem:
{problem}

My Answer (between /** begin my answer */ and /** end my answer */):
{answer}

Give me a feedback to my answer.